Este projeto consiste em uma análise aos elementos ético-morais da pedagogia de Santo Agostinho, bem como a sua aplicação no contexto educacional de sua época. Não queremos propor valores ético-morais pedagógicos, mas fazer uma análise crítico-filosófica da pedagogia agostiniana sob a luz de uma ética cristã, as quais possibilitam à educação condições de alcançar as suas finalidades e objetivos. Santo Agostinho apresenta em sua ética-pedagogia elementos necessários para a construção de uma moral e reconhecimento do homem como tal, passando por (...) fundamentações como o diálogo, amor, liberdade, as quais compõem o pilar necessário para os princípios éticos que devem reger a pedagogia. (shrink)

Este projeto consiste em uma análise aos elementos ético-morais da pedagogia de Santo Agostinho, bem como a sua aplicação no contexto educacional de sua época. Não queremos propor valores ético- morais pedagógicos, mas fazer uma análise crítico-filosófica da pedagogia agostiniana sob a luz de uma ética cristã, as quais possibilitam à educação condições de alcançar as suas finalidades e objetivos. Santo Agostinho apresenta em sua ética-pedagogia elementos necessários para a construção de uma moral e reconhecimento do homem como tal, passando (...) por fundamentações como o diálogo, amor, liberdade, as quais compõem o pilar necessário para os princípios éticos que devem reger a pedagogia. (shrink)

O presente artigo objetiva examinar o pensamento de Severino Boécio acerca da aporia dos termos universais e suas respectivas implicações nos séculos V e VI da era cristã. Tais pensamentos são postos por ele em seu Comentário à Isagoge de Porfírio, fazendo ligações com algumas das principais obras que contribuíram para com o assunto. Boécio acaba por aplicar os termos universais à pluralidade das coisas, demonstrando que podemos pensá-los num sentido singular, quando, por exemplo, os percebemos sensivelmente nas coisas individuais (...) do mundo. Destarte, buscaremos explicar brevemente, nas páginas subseqüentes, as premissas propostas por Severino Boécio àquele que foi um dos problemas mais marcantes da filosofia medieval: o problema dos universais. This article aims to examine the thought of Severinus Boethius about the standoff between the universal terms and their implications in the fifth and sixth centuries of the Cristian era. Such thoughts are put by him in his Commentary on Porphyry Isagoge, making connections with some of the major works that contributed towards it. Boethius eventually applies the universal terms to the plurality of things, demonstrating that we can think of them in a unique way, when, for example, we notice substantially the individual things of the world. Thus, we will try to explain briefly, in the subsequent pages, the assumptions proposed by Severinus Boethius to whom was one of the key problems of medieval philosophy: the problem of universals. (shrink)

O presente trabalho consiste em analisar sistematicamente o nominalismo de Roscelino de Compiègne e suas principais objeções ao problema dos universais que fora profundamente discutido ao decorrer de toda a trajetória da historia da filosofia, mas que ganhou um destaque sui generis na Idade Média. Buscaremos, a partir de uma apresentação mais ampla sobre o tema, destacar as concepções do supracitado filósofo frente às demais correntes vigentes em sua época, sublinhando e comentando também as prevalecentes críticas efetuadas por seus principais (...) opositores, a saber, Santo Anselmo e Pedro Abelardo.: This present article seeks, firstly, to systematically analyze the traditional solutions to the problem of the Universals that were formulated since the Antiquity to the first centuries of the Middle Ages, which would be known by the names "exaggerated realism", in its platonic side, and "moderated realism", in its Aristotelian side. Within this general view we'll focus on the work of Roscelino de Compiégne, a philosopher ahead of the contemporary currents of his time, by stressing and also commenting on the prevailing criticisms made by his main opponents, namely, St. Anselm and Peter Abelard. Keywords: Roscelino de Compiégne. Problem of the Universals. Nominalism. (shrink)

Knowledge-first theories of justification are theories of justification that give knowledge priority when it comes to explaining when and why someone has justification for an attitude or an action. The emphasis of this article is on knowledge-first theories of justification for belief. As it turns out, there are a number of ways of giving knowledge priority when theorizing about justification, and what follows is a survey of more than a dozen existing options that have emerged in the early 21st century (...) since the publication of Timothy Williamson’s *Knowledge and Its Limits*. This article traces several of the general theoretical motivations that have been offered for putting knowledge first in the theory of justification. This is followed by an examination of existing knowledge-first theories of justification and their standing objections. These objections are largely, but not exclusively, concerned with the extensional adequacy of knowledge-first theories of justification. There are doubtless more ways to give knowledge priority in the theory of justified belief than are covered here, but the survey is instructive because it highlights potential shortcomings that would-be knowledge-first theorists of justification may wish either to avoid or else to be prepared with a suitable error theory. This entry concludes with a reflection about the extent to which the short history of, arguably, failed attempts to secure an unproblematic knowledge-first account of justified belief has begun to resemble the older Gettier dialectic. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Semiotica - Journal of the International Association for Semiotic Studies / Revue de l'Association Internationale de Sémiotique Jahrgang: 2013 Heft: 197 Seiten: 203-231.

Resumen:El artículo propone una lectura de las Cartas para la educación estética de la humanidad desde la sociabilidad, concepto con el que el autor, en la última de las cartas, señala el terreno en el que se abriría la vía estética hacia libertad. Se muestra la propagación del concepto de sociabilidad a través de la antropología kantiana y la sociología simmeliana. Se postula la afinidad de este enfoque con los planteamienos contemporáneos del acontecimiento.Palabras clave: Schiller; Kant; Simmel; sociabilidad; políticas emancipatorias; (...) comensalidad; acontecimiento. (shrink)

A justificativa para um trabalho de análise epistemológica das pesquisas-ações deve-se ao caráter desse método de pesquisa, ciência emergente que possui base dupla, uma ancorada no senso comum e a outra na justificação pela comunidade cientifica. O objetivo da pesquisa é estudar um conjunto específico de pesquisas selecionadas, identificando e analisando suas apropriações ou ressignificações e indicar as tendências e as potencialidades que se apresentam à área de educação frente a esse tipo de pesquisa. Os resultados da análise dos trabalhos (...) indicam que os problemas apontados e suas soluções expressas em intervenções são realizados sem uma recuperação histórica da dinâmica do local de estudo. (shrink)

As part of a continuous process to explore the factors that might weaken or corrupt traditional peer review, in this paper, we query the ethics, fairness and validity of the request, by editors, of authors to suggest peer reviewers during the submission process. One of the reasons for the current crisis in science pertains to a loss in trust as a result of a flawed peer review which is by nature biased unless it is open peer review. As we indicate, (...) the fact that some editors and journals rely on authors’ suggestions in terms of who should peer review their paper already instills a potential way to abuse the trust of the submission and publishing system. An author-suggested peer reviewer choice might also tempt authors to seek reviewers who might be more receptive or sympathetic to the authors’ message or results, and thus favor the outcome of that paper. Authors should thus not be placed in such a potentially ethically compromising situation, especially as a mandatory condition for submission. However, the fact that they do not have an opt-out choice during the submission process—especially when using an online submission system that makes such a suggestion compulsory—may constitute a violation of authors’ rights. (shrink)

The acceptance or rejection of classmates is one of the most widely recognized determinants of wellbeing in childhood. This study analyses psychosocial adjustment and sociometric status in primary education pupils, and possible differences by gender. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in Huelva. The surveyed schools were selected using a stratified random sampling technique with both public and private elementary schools. Sample was composed of 247 4th grade students. Data revealed gender differences in psychosocial adjustment, particularly in terms of prosocial behavior (...) in girls and behavioral problems in boys. Popular and rejected statuses presented opposing adjustment profiles, particularly in hyperactive symptoms and behavioral problems. When the sample was separated by gender, the differences between the types of status in emotional symptomatology and prosocial behavior disappeared. In addition, the differences between statuses were greater in boys, and were defined mainly by hyperactivity, whilst for girls these differences were more apparent in behavioral problems. (shrink)

This paper introduces a manual movement performed recurrently by German children in the age range of four to six. Based on the movement gestalt and its meaning, we termed it the Slapping movement. All forms identified in the data were performed with a communicative function, yet they showed different degrees of “gesturality.” To be more precise, we observed versions that clearly count as actions or gestures, but we also observed transitional forms between them. Based on a thorough analyses of form, (...) meaning, and context we determined variations of the Slapping gesture that showed different degrees of abstraction from action to gesture in a semiotic sense. These degrees are distinguished by modifications in the execution of the movement and different levels of form stability, environmental coupling, and representational complexity. (shrink)

In a recent opinion paper, it was argued that individuals with multiple retractions or a record of academic misconduct should not serve as editors, including as editors-in-chief, on the editorial boards of scholarly or academic journals. As a first step towards appreciating how such a policy could be applied in practice, the presence of 30 individuals listed on the Retraction Watch Leaderboard on editorial boards was screened. Six cases are highlighted to gain an appreciation of the potential reputational risks that (...) journals and publishers might incur by including individuals with a tainted academic record on editorial boards. Given the reputational, legal and other risks associated with this type of assessment and decision, more formal positioning and guidance are needed by global ethics policy-related bodies such as COPE, the ICMJE, and the CSE, even more so in journals that claim to follow these organizations’ ethical guidelines. (shrink)

While the term ‘glory’ appears most frequently in religious contexts, it is used to express concepts that are not fundamentally religious in character. Take what we consider to be our very best works of art, our most outstanding films, or our most impressive technological achievements. These are often acclaimed as being magnificent, dazzling, or spectacular. These notions are, if not quite synonymous with glory, close enough to justify the idea that the concept of glory is not far removed from common (...) ways of thinking about the world. For this reason, an analysis of glory promises to help illuminate concepts we commonly employ in thinking about highly valued aspects of our world. Nevertheless, concepts of glory also have a central place in religious thought, and even so little-to-no rigorous philosophical effort has been devoted to investigating concepts of glory in contemporary analytic philosophy of religion. This paper aims to correct that and use the resulting accounts of glory to illuminate difficulties with a recent argument for atheism by Bayne and Nagasawa. (shrink)

A group of philosophers suggests that a sense of mineness intrinsically contained in the phenomenal structure of all conscious experiences is a necessary condition for a subject to become aware of himself as the subject of his experiences i.e. self-awareness. On this view, consciousness necessarily entails phenomenal self-awareness. This paper argues that cases of delusions of thought insertion undermine this claim and that such a phenomenal feature plays little role in accounting for the most minimal type of self-awareness entailed by (...) phenomenal consciousness. First, I clarify the main view endorsing this claim i.e. the Self-Presentational View of Consciousness and formulate the challenge from thought insertion. After, I offer a systematic evaluation of all the strategies used by the advocates of this view to deal with this challenge. Finally, I conclude that most of these strategies are unsatisfactory for they rest in unwarranted premises, imprecisions about the agentive nature of cognitive experiences, and especially, lack of distinction between the different ways in which subjects can become aware of their own thoughts. (shrink)

Fake news has been the focus of debate, especially since the election of Donald Trump (2016), and remains a topic of concern in democratic countries worldwide, given (a) their threat to democratic systems and (b) the difficulty in detecting them. Despite the deployment of sophisticated computational systems to identify fake news, as well as the streamlining of fact-checking methods, appropriate fake news detection mechanisms have not yet been found. In fact, technological approaches are likely to be inefficient, given that fake (...) news are based mostly on partisanship and identity politics, and not necessarily on outright deception. However, as disinformation is inherently expressed linguistically, this is a privileged room for forensic linguistic analysis. This article builds upon a forensic linguistic analysis of fake news pieces published in English and in Portuguese, which were collected since 2019 from acknowledged fake news outlets. The preliminary empirical analysis reveals that fake news pieces employ particular linguistic features, e.g. at the levels of typography, orthography and spelling, and morphosyntax. The systematic identification of these features, which will allow mapping linguistic resources and patterns used in those contexts, contributes to scholarship, not only by enabling a streamlined development of computational detection systems, but more importantly by permitting the forensic linguistics expert to assist criminal investigations and give evidence in court. (shrink)

The field of Philosophy of Sport has been developing in Anglo-Saxon scholarship since the 1960s and since then has achieved considerable consolidation. However, this is a progressing field in Latin American countries like Brazil. This paper aims to analyse the trajectory of the Philosophy of Sport in Brazil, presenting an overview of its development since the 1980s and some prospects that have been generated since the turn of the century. In conclusion, the article points out that the field of Philosophy (...) of Sport in Brazil is in the process of disciplinary consolidation, presenting a plurality of agents, institutions and theoretical approaches in its structure. (shrink)

Tem-se como objetivo analisar o esporte moderno, compreendendo que o mesmo é um dos conteúdos que compõe o objeto de conhecimento da Educação Física escolar. Para essa análise utilizou-se como aporte teórico o materialismo histórico-dialético, realizando um aprofundamento das categorias objetivação, apropriação, humanização e alienação. Com base nessas categorias conclui-se que o esporte moderno é um fenômeno social composto por inúmeras riquezas materiais e imateriais produzidas pelo ser humano no decorrer da história. Entretanto, no âmbito do modo de produção capitalista, (...) essas riquezas são expropriadas dos seres humanos e esse fenômeno social, por sua vez, assumi um caráter alienador. (shrink)

Despite the diagnostic relevance of thought insertion for disorders such as schizophrenia, the debates about its aetiology are far from resolved. This paper claims that in paying exclusive attention to the perceptual and cognitive impairments leading to delusional experiences in general, current deficit approaches overlook the role that affective disturbances might play in giving rise to cases of thought insertion. In the context of psychosis, affective impairments are often characterized as a consequence of the stress and anxiety caused by delusional (...) episodes. However, here I explore some of the conceptual and empirical reasons to think that affective problems might in fact play a crucial doxastic role in the aetiology of thought insertion. Finally, I conclude by proposing a way of integrating the main insights of my analysis with the current ‘two-factor’ deficit approach to thought insertion and I explore the potential adaptive role that some delusions might have within this framework. (shrink)

Cybercrime has increased significantly, recently, as a result of both individual and group criminal practice, and is now a threat to individuals, organisations, and democratic systems worldwide. However, cybercrime raises two main challenges for legal systems: firstly, because cybercriminals operate online, cybercrime spans beyond the boundaries of specific jurisdictions, which constrains the operation of the police and, subsequently, the conviction of the perpetrators; secondly, since cybercriminals can operate from anywhere in the world, law enforcement agencies struggle to identify the origin (...) of the communications, especially when obfuscation strategies are used, e.g. dark web fora. Nevertheless, cybercriminals inherently use language to communicate, so the linguistic analysis of suspect communications is particularly helpful in deterring cybercriminal practice. This article reports the potential of forensic translation in the fight against cybercrime. Although the term ‘forensic translation’ is typically understood as a synonym of ‘legal translation’, it is argued that the implications of forensic translation span beyond those of legal translation, to include analyses of language rights, of the right to interpretation and translation in legal procedures (in the EU), or even investigative and intelligence practices. Translation is a pervasive activity that is conducted, not only by professional translators, but also by lay speakers of language, often using machine translation systems. The ease of use of the latter makes it particularly suitable for cross-border criminal (e.g. extortion or fraud) and cybercriminal communications (e.g. cybertrespass, cyberfraud, cyberpiracy, cyberporn or child online porn, cyberviolence or cyberstalking). This article presents the results of the analysis of cybercriminal communications from a forensic translation perspective. It demonstrates that translation is frequently used to spread cybercriminal communications, and that reverse-engineering the translational procedure will assist law enforcement agencies in narrowing down their pool of suspects and, consequently, deter cybercriminal threats. (shrink)

Tem-se por objetivo, (a) caracterizar comportamentos de 47 cuidadores primários e de seus filhos que buscaram atendimento, (b) comparar grupos, abandono x participantes, menino x menina. Os participantes responderam à entrevista (RE-HSE-P), inventário (IHS-Del Prette) e escalas (Escala de Assertivid..

Resumen En el presente artículo adoptamos el punto de vista de la Etnopragmática como marco metodológico que nos permite interpretar estrategias lingüísticas a través de su relación con ciertos aspectos culturales que motivan el uso de tales estrategias. En concreto, nos proponemos abordar la relación que existe entre los guiones culturales españoles y las formas de tratamiento nominales de afecto (vocativos de cariño) usadas en el español peninsular. Los guiones culturales parecen una herramienta muy adecuada para explicitar las premisas socioculturales (...) que subyacen a las interpretaciones que hacemos de las funciones que ejercen los vocativos en la cortesía española. Vamos a centrarnos sobre todo en la relación entre los guiones culturales típicamente españoles tales como “expresividad”, “halagar a otro”, “dirigirse a otros con cariño” y “ser amistoso”, así como en los vocativos de cariño alma, vida, cielo y cariño. Para la explicitación, por un lado, del contenido semántico de los vocativos, y, por el otro, de los valores culturales que subyacen a su uso, se aplicará el método de análisis semántico-pragmático desde la perspectiva de la Metalengua Semántica Natural (NSM). (shrink)

O presente artigo tem como escopo refletir a partir de um prisma interdisciplinar a respeito dos pressupostos ou requisitos de admissibilidade recursal, bem como sobre os importantes princípios atinentes aos recursos, no Direito Processual Civil, em especial quanto à dialeticidade em sede de Apelação. Para tanto, a partir do pensamento do filósofo alemão Jürgen Habermas, em especial no que diz respeito ao Agir Comunicativo, em diálogo com os autores do Direito: Alexandre Freitas Câmara e Humberto Theodoro Júnior, buscar-se-á discutir acerca (...) dos limites e potencialidades da dialeticidade enquanto manancial comunicativo, no Direito Processual Civil e os possíveis entraves referentes a racionalidade estratégica. (shrink)

Since its onset, scholars have characterized social media as a valuable source for data collection since it presents several benefits (e.g. exploring research questions with hard-to-reach populations). Nonetheless, methods of online data collection are riddled with ethical and methodological challenges that researchers must consider if they want to adopt good practices when collecting and analyzing online data. Drawing from our primary research project, where we collected passive online data on Reddit, we explore and detail the steps that researchers must consider (...) before collecting online data: (1) planning online data collection; (2) ethical considerations; and (3) data collection. We also discuss two atypical questions that researchers should also consider: (1) how to handle deleted user-generated content; and (2) how to quote user-generated content. Moving on from the dichotomous discussion between what is public and private data, we present recommendations for good practices when collecting and analyzing qualitative online data. (shrink)

Busca-se neste artigo problematizar a manifestação da colonialidade nas práticas pedagógicas de uma instituição de educação infantil situada em contexto periférico a partir da percepção de professoras e famílias. A argumentação e análise teórica adotada partem dos estudos da infância e teoria decolonial/contracolonial. Serão analisadas as conversas estabelecidas com adultos participantes da pesquisa, sendo quatro entrevistas realizadas com professoras e mães de crianças de uma instituição de educação infantil de contexto periférico e negro, localizada no município de Betim – MG. (...) A partir dos sujeitos da pesquisa são apresentadas denúncias que configuram o que chamamos de colonialidade da educação infantil. A alimentação das crianças foi destacada, pelas professoras e mães, como um dos momentos da rotina pedagógica que gerava grande incômodo devido a práticas de violência com as crianças. Esta violência compõe o que se denomina como adultocentrismo, que existe para posicionar as crianças às margens do projeto civilizatório ocidental, sendo que nestes termos o adultocentrismo pode ser também compreendido como a peste branca produzida pela matriz eurocêntrica e colonial. Atuar contra a colonialidade e contra o adultocentrismo é defender uma experiência concreta e histórica para a educação infantil e não apenas teórica. Cada vez mais é preciso avançar na formação das professoras de forma conscientizadora quanto a emergência da contracolonização da educação infantil em articulação com o projeto de sociedade emancipatória para todos e todas. (shrink)

Partindo do presuposto de que Heidegger foi o autor que mais influenciou a obra de Hans-Georg Gadamer, o presente artigo visa esclarecer os contornos desta influência, analisando alguns dos principais temas do pensamento gadameriano, a saber: a historicidade da existência humana, a reabilitação da categoria do preconceito, a arte, a linguagem e a verdade. Mostra ainda como a orientação humanista de Gadamer constitui o principal ponto de divergência relativamente a Heidegger. Defende, por conseguinte, que a hermenêutica filosófica de Gadamer pode (...) ser interpretada como uma apropriação humanista do pensamento heideggeriano. /// Taking for granted that Heidegger was the author that most deeply influenced Gadamer's work, the present article aims at a clarification of such influence by examining some of the key themes of Gadamer's thought: the historicity of human existence, the rehabilitation of prejudice, as well as the reflection on art, language, and truth. The article explains thus how Gadamer's humanism constitutes the main point of divergence from Heidegger. It claims, moreover, that Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics can be considered a humanistic appropriation of Heidegger's thought. (shrink)

Despite the amount of work that has been produced on the subject over the years, the ‘transformation of cladistics’ is still a misunderstood episode in the history of comparative biology. Here, I analyze two outstanding, highly contrasting historiographic accounts on the matter, under the perspective of an influential dichotomy in the philosophy of science: the opposition between Scientific Realism and Empiricism. Placing special emphasis on the notion of ‘causal grounding’ of morphological characters in modern developmental biology’s theories, I arrive at (...) the conclusion that a ‘new transformation of cladistics’ is philosophically plausible. This ‘reformed’ understanding of ‘pattern cladistics’ entails retaining the interpretation of cladograms as ‘schemes of synapomorphies’, but in association to construing cladogram nodes as ‘developmental-genetic taxic homologies’, instead of ‘standard Darwinian ancestors’. The reinterpretation of pattern cladistics presented here additionally proposes to take Bas Van Fraassen’s ‘constructive empiricism’ as a philosophical stance that could properly support such analysis of developmental-genetic data for systematic purposes. The latter suggestion is justified through a reappraisal of previous ideas developed by prominent pattern cladists , which concerned a scientifically efficient ‘observable/non-observable distinction’ linked to the conceptual pair ‘ontogeny and phylogeny’. Finally, I argue that a robust articulation of Antirealist alternatives in systematics may provide a rational basis for its disciplinary separation from evolutionary biology, as well as for a critical reconsideration of the proper role of certain Scientific Realist positions, currently popular in comparative biology. (shrink)

Background Record linkage is a useful tool for health research. Potential benefits aside, its use raises discussions on privacy issues, such as whether a written informed consent for access to health records and linkage should be obtained. The authors aim to systematically review studies that assess consent proportions to record linkage. Methods 8 databases were searched up to June 2011 to find articles which presented consent proportions to record linkage. The screening, eligibility and inclusion of articles were conducted by two (...) independent reviewers. The authors carried out meta-regression, subgroup and sensitivity analyses to assess heterogeneity. Results Of the 141 studies identified, only 11 presented empirical consent proportions and were included in the systematic review. The consent proportion varied widely from 39% to 97%. Seven studies presented consent proportions of 88% or higher, one of 72%, and only three presented consented proportion equal to or lower than 53%. None of the studies' characteristics evaluated explained heterogeneity. Conclusion The results of this review show that, in general, individuals tend to consent to the use of their data for record linkage, with exceptions in specific populations or minorities. The authors believe that this, as well as the cited literature, lends support to policies that, while keeping relevant ethical controls in place, do not require individual informed consent for each and every study that relies on secondary data. (shrink)

La parentalité impose au sujet un travail psychique intense qui s’appuie sur des aspects narcissiques, archaïques, sur l’histoire de la filiation et de la transmission psychique. La parentalité est, avant tout, liée à un processus qui comporte des risques psychiques particuliers face aux événements de vie. Identifier ces enjeux dans la relation parent-enfant et comprendre ce qui est sollicité pour le sujet face à des événements nécessite de remodeler les alliances et de trouver un nouvel équilibre psychique. Dans le cadre (...) d’une recherche clinique, les auteures, impliquées dans un dispositif d’écoute psychanalytique de la parentalité, proposent une discussion quant aux repères cliniques des enjeux qui sous-tendent la relation parent-enfant. Ce questionnement est discuté par deux vignettes cliniques, celle de Maria qui, après son accouchement, expérimente des vécus corporels primitifs projetés sur son bébé et celle de Camila, qui commence son analyse après la tentative de suicide de sa fille. Dans l’ensemble de ces vignettes, on observe une réorganisation de la dynamique psychique et une possibilité de symboliser davantage les modes d’alliance de la dyade parent-enfant. (shrink)

Platão, em seus diálogos de juventude, apresenta Sócrates recorrendo a uma prática de perguntas e respostas direcionada aos seus interlocutores que visa o teste das pretensões de conhecimento e de sabedoria dos membros da pólis. Essa prática é a refutação socrática, frequentemente associada ao termo grego élenkhos e seus cognatos. Embora se utilize dessa prática de forma frequente, nenhum diálogo a trata como elemento central. Entretanto, podemos encontrar comentários de Platão ao longo de sua obra que nos remetem essa reflexão (...) de cunho mais metodológico. Por conta disso, comentamos reflexões que Platão apresenta em um sentido metadialético acerca do élenkhos e refletimos sobre a refutação socrática a partir desses comentários. Palavras-chave: refutação socrática; élenkhos; Platão. (shrink)

We extend the gap 1 cardinal transfer theorem → to any language of cardinality ≤λ, where λ is a regular cardinal. This transfer theorem has been proved by Chang under GCH for countable languages and by Silver in some cases for bigger languages . We assume the existence of a coarse -morass instead of GCH.

After examining some of the most fundamental aspects of the general concept of ‘neuroright’ in the current discussion, this paper analyzes the concept of ‘the mental’ contained in the very first law of neurorights in the world currently under discussion in the Senate of the Republic of Chile (Bulletin 13.828-19 of the Chilean Senate). It is claimed that the lack of specificity of the target notion might not only posit difficulties for the creation of specific legal frameworks for the protection (...) of subjects from potential misuses of neurotechnologies with access to neural data, but it might also make very difficult the process of decision-taking when interpreting the law. (shrink)

Em artigo inédito, Franklin Leopoldo e Silva desenvolve os sentidos da memória na produção da identidade, destacando as relações significativas do presente com o passado e o futuro na construção da história. Desse ponto, o autor acentua o papel das instituições nesse processo – um processo de exercício de poder, no qual se tem, na verdade, a institucionalização do poder – e, dentre elas, em particular a instituição universitária.